terraform-style-guide

SKILL.md

Terraform Style Guide

Generate and maintain Terraform code following HashiCorp's official style conventions and best practices.

Reference: HashiCorp Terraform Style Guide

Code Generation Strategy

When generating Terraform code:

Start with provider configuration and version constraints

Create data sources before dependent resources

Build resources in dependency order

Add outputs for key resource attributes

Use variables for all configurable values

File Organization

File
Purpose

terraform.tf
Terraform and provider version requirements

providers.tf
Provider configurations

main.tf
Primary resources and data sources

variables.tf
Input variable declarations (alphabetical)

outputs.tf
Output value declarations (alphabetical)

locals.tf
Local value declarations

Example Structure

# terraform.tf
terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.14"

  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 6.0"
    }
  }
}

# variables.tf
variable "environment" {
  description = "Target deployment environment"
  type        = string

  validation {
    condition     = contains(["dev", "staging", "prod"], var.environment)
    error_message = "Environment must be dev, staging, or prod."
  }
}

# locals.tf
locals {
  common_tags = {
    Environment = var.environment
    ManagedBy   = "Terraform"
  }
}

# main.tf
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
  cidr_block           = var.vpc_cidr
  enable_dns_hostnames = true

  tags = merge(local.common_tags, {
    Name = "${var.project_name}-${var.environment}-vpc"
  })
}

# outputs.tf
output "vpc_id" {
  description = "ID of the created VPC"
  value       = aws_vpc.main.id
}

Code Formatting

Indentation and Alignment

Use two spaces per nesting level (no tabs)

Align equals signs for consecutive arguments

resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"
  subnet_id     = "subnet-12345678"

  tags = {
    Name        = "web-server"
    Environment = "production"
  }
}

Block Organization

Arguments precede blocks, with meta-arguments first:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {
  # Meta-arguments
  count = 3

  # Arguments
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"

  # Blocks
  root_block_device {
    volume_size = 20
  }

  # Lifecycle last
  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }
}

Naming Conventions

Use lowercase with underscores for all names

Use descriptive nouns excluding the resource type

Be specific and meaningful

Resource names must be singular, not plural

Default to main for resources where a specific descriptive name is redundant or unavailable, provided only one instance exists

# Bad
resource "aws_instance" "webAPI-aws-instance" {}
resource "aws_instance" "web_apis" {}
variable "name" {}

# Good
resource "aws_instance" "web_api" {}
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {}
variable "application_name" {}

Variables

Every variable must include type and description:

variable "instance_type" {
  description = "EC2 instance type for the web server"
  type        = string
  default     = "t2.micro"

  validation {
    condition     = contains(["t2.micro", "t2.small", "t2.medium"], var.instance_type)
    error_message = "Instance type must be t2.micro, t2.small, or t2.medium."
  }
}

variable "database_password" {
  description = "Password for the database admin user"
  type        = string
  sensitive   = true
}

Outputs

Every output must include description:

output "instance_id" {
  description = "ID of the EC2 instance"
  value       = aws_instance.web.id
}

output "database_password" {
  description = "Database administrator password"
  value       = aws_db_instance.main.password
  sensitive   = true
}

Dynamic Resource Creation

Prefer for_each over count

# Bad - count for multiple resources
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  count = var.instance_count
  tags  = { Name = "web-${count.index}" }
}

# Good - for_each with named instances
variable "instance_names" {
  type    = set(string)
  default = ["web-1", "web-2", "web-3"]
}

resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  for_each = var.instance_names
  tags     = { Name = each.key }
}

count for Conditional Creation

resource "aws_cloudwatch_metric_alarm" "cpu" {
  count = var.enable_monitoring ? 1 : 0

  alarm_name = "high-cpu-usage"
  threshold  = 80
}

Security Best Practices

Refer to SECURITY.md. It includes guidance on encrypting resources,
preventing sensitive data in state, and secure configurations.

Version Pinning

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.14"

  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 6.0"
    }
  }
}

Use the latest major version of each provider and the latest minor version of
Terraform, unless otherwise constrained by a dependency lock file or by other
modules used by the configuration.

Version constraint operators:

= 1.0.0 - Exact version

>= 1.0.0 - Greater than or equal

~> 1.0 - Allow rightmost component to increment

>= 1.0, < 2.0 - Version range

Provider Configuration

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"

  default_tags {
    tags = {
      ManagedBy = "Terraform"
      Project   = var.project_name
    }
  }
}

# Aliased provider for multi-region
provider "aws" {
  alias  = "east"
  region = "us-east-1"
}

Version Control

Never commit:

terraform.tfstate, terraform.tfstate.backup

.terraform/ directory

*.tfplan

.tfvars files with sensitive data

Always commit:

All .tf configuration files

.terraform.lock.hcl (dependency lock file)

Validation Tools

Run before committing:

terraform fmt -recursive
terraform validate

Additional tools:

tflint - Linting and best practices

checkov / tfsec - Security scanning

Code Review Checklist

 Code formatted with terraform fmt

 Configuration validated with terraform validate

 Files organized according to standard structure

 All variables have type and description

 All outputs have descriptions

 Resource names use descriptive nouns with underscores

 Version constraints pinned explicitly

 Sensitive values marked with sensitive = true

 No hardcoded credentials or secrets

 Security best practices applied

Based on: HashiCorp Terraform Style Guide