firebase-auth-basics

SKILL.md

Prerequisites

Firebase Project: Created via
npx -y firebase-tools@latest projects:create (see firebase-basics).

Firebase CLI: Installed and logged in (see firebase-basics).

Core Concepts

Firebase Authentication provides backend services, easy-to-use SDKs, and
ready-made UI libraries to authenticate users to your app.

Users

A user is an entity that can sign in to your app. Each user is identified by a
unique ID (uid) which is guaranteed to be unique across all providers. User
properties include:

uid: Unique identifier.

email: User's email address (if available).

displayName: User's display name (if available).

photoURL: URL to user's photo (if available).

emailVerified: Boolean indicating if the email is verified.

Identity Providers

Firebase Auth supports multiple ways to sign in:

Email/Password: Basic email and password authentication.

Federated Identity Providers: Google, Facebook, Twitter, GitHub,
Microsoft, Apple, etc.

Phone Number: SMS-based authentication.

Anonymous: Temporary guest accounts that can be linked to permanent
accounts later.

Custom Auth: Integrate with your existing auth system.

Google Sign In is recommended as a good and secure default provider.

Tokens

When a user signs in, they receive an ID Token (JWT). This token is used to
identify the user when making requests to Firebase services (Realtime Database,
Cloud Storage, Firestore) or your own backend.

ID Token: Short-lived (1 hour), verifies identity.

Refresh Token: Long-lived, used to get new ID tokens.

Workflow

1. Provisioning

Option 1. Enabling Authentication via CLI

Only Google Sign In, anonymous auth, and email/password auth can be enabled via
CLI. For other providers, use the Firebase Console.

Configure Firebase Authentication in firebase.json by adding an 'auth' block:

{
  "auth": {
    "providers": {
      "anonymous": true,
      "emailPassword": true,
      "googleSignIn": {
        "oAuthBrandDisplayName": "Your Brand Name",
        "supportEmail": "support@example.com",
        "authorizedRedirectUris": ["https://example.com", "http://localhost"]
      }
    }
  }
}

[!NOTE] If the Google Sign-In popup opens and immediately closes with the
error [firebase_auth/unauthorized-domain], it means the domain is not
authorized. For local development, ensure localhost is included in the
Authorized Domains list in the Firebase Console or via the
authorizedDomains field in firebase.json. CRITICAL: Do NOT include the
protocol or port number in the Authorized Domains list (e.g., use localhost,
NOT http://localhost:9090).

CRITICAL: After configuring firebase.json, you MUST deploy the auth
configuration to the Firebase backend for the changes to take effect. This is
essential for auth providers like Google Sign-In, email/password, etc. to
auto-generate the necessary OAuth clients for your app platforms. Run:

npx -y firebase-tools@latest deploy --only auth

Option 2. Enabling Authentication in Console

Enable other providers in the Firebase Console.

Go to the
https://console.firebase.google.com/project/_/authentication/providers

Select your project.

Enable the desired Sign-in providers (e.g., Email/Password, Google).

2. Client Setup & Usage

Web See references/client_sdk_web.md.

Flutter See references/flutter_setup.md.
Android (Kotlin) See
references/client_sdk_android.md.

3. Security Rules

Secure your data using request.auth in Firestore/Storage rules.

See references/security_rules.md.