env-secrets-manager

SKILL.md

Env & Secrets Manager

Tier: POWERFUL
Category: Engineering
Domain: Security / DevOps / Configuration Management

Overview

Manage environment-variable hygiene and secrets safety across local development and production workflows. This skill focuses on practical auditing, drift awareness, and rotation readiness.

Core Capabilities

.env and .env.example lifecycle guidance

Secret leak detection for repository working trees

Severity-based findings for likely credentials

Operational pointers for rotation and containment

Integration-ready outputs for CI checks

When to Use

Before pushing commits that touched env/config files

During security audits and incident triage

When onboarding contributors who need safe env conventions

When validating that no obvious secrets are hardcoded

Quick Start

# Scan a repository for likely secret leaks
python3 scripts/env_auditor.py /path/to/repo

# JSON output for CI pipelines
python3 scripts/env_auditor.py /path/to/repo --json

Recommended Workflow

Run scripts/env_auditor.py on the repository root.

Prioritize critical and high findings first.

Rotate real credentials and remove exposed values.

Update .env.example and .gitignore as needed.

Add or tighten pre-commit/CI secret scanning gates.

Reference Docs

references/validation-detection-rotation.md

references/secret-patterns.md

Common Pitfalls

Committing real values in .env.example

Rotating one system but missing downstream consumers

Logging secrets during debugging or incident response

Treating suspected leaks as low urgency without validation

Best Practices

Use a secret manager as the production source of truth.

Keep dev env files local and gitignored.

Enforce detection in CI before merge.

Re-test application paths immediately after credential rotation.

Cloud Secret Store Integration

Production applications should never read secrets from .env files or environment variables baked into container images. Use a dedicated secret store instead.

Provider Comparison

Provider
Best For
Key Feature

HashiCorp Vault
Multi-cloud / hybrid
Dynamic secrets, policy engine, pluggable backends

AWS Secrets Manager
AWS-native workloads
Native Lambda/ECS/EKS integration, automatic RDS rotation

Azure Key Vault
Azure-native workloads
Managed HSM, Azure AD RBAC, certificate management

GCP Secret Manager
GCP-native workloads
IAM-based access, automatic replication, versioning

Selection Guidance

Single cloud provider — use the cloud-native secret manager. It integrates tightly with IAM, reduces operational overhead, and costs less than self-hosting.

Multi-cloud or hybrid — use HashiCorp Vault. It provides a uniform API across environments and supports dynamic secret generation (database credentials, cloud IAM keys) that expire automatically.

Kubernetes-heavy — combine External Secrets Operator with any backend above to sync secrets into K8s Secret objects without hardcoding.

Application Access Patterns

SDK/API pull — application fetches secret at startup or on-demand via provider SDK.

Sidecar injection — a sidecar container (e.g., Vault Agent) writes secrets to a shared volume or injects them as environment variables.

Init container — a Kubernetes init container fetches secrets before the main container starts.

CSI driver — secrets mount as a filesystem volume via the Secrets Store CSI Driver.

Cross-reference: See engineering/secrets-vault-manager for production vault infrastructure patterns, HA deployment, and disaster recovery procedures.

Secret Rotation Workflow

Stale secrets are a liability. Rotation ensures that even if a credential leaks, its useful lifetime is bounded.

Phase 1: Detection

Track secret creation and expiry dates in your secret store metadata.

Set alerts at 30, 14, and 7 days before expiry.

Use scripts/env_auditor.py to flag secrets with no recorded rotation date.

Phase 2: Rotation

Generate a new credential (API key, database password, certificate).

Deploy the new credential to all consumers (apps, services, pipelines) in parallel.

Verify each consumer can authenticate using the new credential.

Revoke the old credential only after all consumers are confirmed healthy.

Update metadata with the new rotation timestamp and next rotation date.

Phase 3: Automation

AWS Secrets Manager — use built-in Lambda-based rotation for RDS, Redshift, and DocumentDB.

HashiCorp Vault — configure dynamic secrets with TTLs; credentials are generated on-demand and auto-expire.

Azure Key Vault — use Event Grid notifications to trigger rotation functions.

GCP Secret Manager — use Pub/Sub notifications tied to Cloud Functions for rotation logic.

Emergency Rotation Checklist

When a secret is confirmed leaked:

Immediately revoke the compromised credential at the provider level.

Generate and deploy a replacement credential to all consumers.

Audit access logs for unauthorized usage during the exposure window.

Scan git history, CI logs, and artifact registries for the leaked value.

File an incident report documenting scope, timeline, and remediation steps.

Review and tighten detection controls to prevent recurrence.

CI/CD Secret Injection

Secrets in CI/CD pipelines require careful handling to avoid exposure in logs, artifacts, or pull request contexts.

GitHub Actions

Use repository secrets or environment secrets via ${{ secrets.SECRET_NAME }}.

Prefer OIDC federation (aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials with role-to-assume) over long-lived access keys.

Environment secrets with required reviewers add approval gates for production deployments.

GitHub automatically masks secrets in logs, but avoid echo or toJSON() on secret values.

GitLab CI

Store secrets as CI/CD variables with the masked and protected flags enabled.

Use HashiCorp Vault integration (secrets:vault) for dynamic secret injection without storing values in GitLab.

Scope variables to specific environments (production, staging) to enforce least privilege.

Universal Patterns

Never echo or print secret values in pipeline output, even for debugging.

Use short-lived tokens (OIDC, STS AssumeRole) instead of static credentials wherever possible.

Restrict PR access — do not expose secrets to pipelines triggered by forks or untrusted branches.

Rotate CI secrets on the same schedule as application secrets; pipeline credentials are attack vectors too.

Audit pipeline logs periodically for accidental secret exposure that masking may have missed.

Pre-Commit Secret Detection

Catching secrets before they reach version control is the most cost-effective defense. Two leading tools cover this space.

gitleaks

# .gitleaks.toml — minimal configuration
[extend]
useDefault = true

[[rules]]
id = "custom-internal-token"
description = "Internal service token pattern"
regex = '''INTERNAL_TOKEN_[A-Za-z0-9]{32}'''
secretGroup = 0

Install: brew install gitleaks or download from GitHub releases.

Pre-commit hook: gitleaks git --pre-commit --staged

Baseline scanning: gitleaks detect --source . --report-path gitleaks-report.json

Manage false positives in .gitleaksignore (one fingerprint per line).

detect-secrets

# Generate baseline
detect-secrets scan --all-files > .secrets.baseline

# Pre-commit hook (via pre-commit framework)
# .pre-commit-config.yaml
repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/Yelp/detect-secrets
    rev: v1.5.0
    hooks:
      - id: detect-secrets
        args: ['--baseline', '.secrets.baseline']

Supports custom plugins for organization-specific patterns.

Audit workflow: detect-secrets audit .secrets.baseline interactively marks true/false positives.

False Positive Management

Maintain .gitleaksignore or .secrets.baseline in version control so the whole team shares exclusions.

Review false positive lists during security audits — patterns may mask real leaks over time.

Prefer tightening regex patterns over broadly ignoring files.

Audit Logging

Knowing who accessed which secret and when is critical for incident investigation and compliance.

Cloud-Native Audit Trails

Provider
Service
What It Captures

AWS
CloudTrail
Every GetSecretValue, DescribeSecret, RotateSecret API call

Azure
Activity Log + Diagnostic Logs
Key Vault access events, including caller identity and IP

GCP
Cloud Audit Logs
Data access logs for Secret Manager with principal and timestamp

Vault
Audit Backend
Full request/response logging (file, syslog, or socket backend)

Alerting Strategy

Alert on access from unknown IP ranges or service accounts outside the expected set.

Alert on bulk secret reads (more than N secrets accessed within a time window).

Alert on access outside deployment windows when no CI/CD pipeline is running.

Feed audit logs into your SIEM (Splunk, Datadog, Elastic) for correlation with other security events.

Review audit logs quarterly as part of access recertification.

Cross-References

This skill covers env hygiene and secret detection. For deeper coverage of related domains, see:

Skill
Path
Relationship

Secrets Vault Manager
engineering/secrets-vault-manager
Production vault infrastructure, HA deployment, DR

Senior SecOps
engineering/senior-secops
Security operations perspective, incident response

CI/CD Pipeline Builder
engineering/ci-cd-pipeline-builder
Pipeline architecture, secret injection patterns

Infrastructure as Code
engineering/infrastructure-as-code
Terraform/Pulumi secret backend configuration

Container Orchestration
engineering/container-orchestration
Kubernetes secret mounting, sealed secrets